Systems Learning
Up one levelSystems Learning
The process used in many evaluations has as its basis systems learning theory. System learning, whether at individual or organisational level, is based on two fundamental principles, common to all cybernetic systems. The first is that systems and their environments are continuously exchanging information. The second is that cybernetic systems have the capacity to self correct (Deutsch, 1966). Implicit in the cybernetic model is the notion of feedback. Argyris and Schon (1978) define learning as the detection and correction of error. They distinguish between single loop learning where the error correction is at an operational level and likely to promote continuity (and gradual shift in policy) and double loop learning when the correction may be at a policy level precipitating a fundamental shift in strategy and belief.Hand out 3: Systems Based Evaluation Model
Workgroups on Nexus Model to determine what type of evaluation questions might be asked in each section. Group divided in four, each working on one section: Operational Environment; Project Environment; Outputs; Impact.
Hand out 4 Nexus model in detail
This may develop into a second or specialist session (if time allows)
Worksheet on Systems Based Evaluation Model
The following questions are examples of what could emerge from the workgroups:Operational Environment:
- What are the problems in the external environment that the project is addressing?
- What are the needs of the beneficiaries?
- Are the project objectives appropriate to address problems in the external environment?
- What changes does the project hope to bring about?
- Are the project objectives appropriate to address the needs of beneficiaries?
- Is the project subject to restrictions or specific objectives determined by the project funders?
- How is project time divided between management and delivery staff?
- What activities are undertaken to manage the project?
- How effective is the management of the project?
- What procedures are in place to monitor progress?
- What are the on-going activities that are being carried out to progress the project objectives?
- How effective is the delivery of the project?
- How effective is communication between project staff and/ of project partners?
- What products have been developed by the project?
- What qualifications have been gained by beneficiaries?
- What skills have been gained by beneficiaries?
- How do the outputs compare with those specified at the start of the project?
- Are there any outputs that were not specified at the start of the project?
- What outputs have emerged from each activity on the project?
- What changes have taken place as a result of the project?
- How has the project made an impact on problems in the operational environment?
- What has been the impact on individuals – entering employment, for example?
- What has been the impact on organisations involved in the project?
- What has been the value of the project?
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